Aluminum 5059 is a non-heat-treatable, high-strength aluminum–magnesium alloy, commonly used in marine, defense, and aerospace applications. Its mechanical properties depend on temper (cold-worked or stabilized).
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
Definition: Maximum stress the material can withstand before fracture.
AA 5059 Typical Range:
310 – 350 MPa (45 – 51 ksi) in H116/H321 tempers
Observation:
High UTS makes 5059 suitable for structural and armored applications where resistance to impact and fatigue is critical.
Yield Strength (YS)
Definition: Stress at which permanent deformation begins.
AA 5059 Typical Range:
210 – 250 MPa (30 – 36 ksi) in H116/H321 tempers
Observation:
High yield strength ensures structural rigidity in ship hulls, decks, and military vehicles.
Elongation at Break
Definition: Percentage of deformation before fracture, indicating ductility.
AA 5059 Typical Range:
10 – 18% depending on temper and thickness
Observation:
Good elongation balances strength and formability, allowing fabrication of hulls and structural components without cracking.
Hardness
Brinell Hardness (HB): 90 – 100 HB
Contributes to wear resistance for high-stress components.
Density
2.68 g/cm³
Low density contributes to lightweight construction, crucial for marine and defense applications.
Summary Table – Mechanical Properties
| Property | Typical Value (H116/H321) | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) | 310 – 350 | MPa |
| Yield Strength (YS) | 210 – 250 | MPa |
| Elongation at Break | 10 – 18 | % |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 90 – 100 | HB |
| Density | 2.68 | g/cm³ |
