ASTM A213 T22 Boiler Tube

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ASTM A213 T22 is a seamless ferritic alloy-steel tube developed for pressure equipment operating at elevated temperatures.

The product falls under ASTM A213/A213M:

Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

The standard covers seamless tubes used primarily in:

Boilers

Superheaters

Reheaters

Heat exchangers

Steam generation equipment

HRSG systems

Power-generation equipment

Refinery and petrochemical heat-transfer systems

ASTM explicitly identifies A213 tubing as seamless and permits either hot-finished or cold-finished manufacture according to the ordered requirements.

Major power-generation tube suppliers also list A/SA213 T22 for conventional boilers, HRSG systems, waste-to-energy facilities and heat exchangers.

Item	Specification
Standard	ASTM A213 / A213M
Grade	T22
UNS	K21590
Material Family	Ferritic Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
Alloy System	Approx. 2.25Cr-1Mo
Manufacturing	Seamless
Finish	Hot-Finished / Cold-Finished
Typical Heat Treatment	Full or Isothermal Anneal / Normalize & Temper
Minimum Tempering Temperature for N+T	675°C / 1250°F
Main Applications	Boiler, Superheater, Reheater, Heat Exchanger, HRSG
Testing	Mechanical + Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test
Supply	OD × WT × Length to Project Requirement
Supplier	Xi'an Dongmeng Group Co., Ltd.

T22 is commonly referred to in industry as 2¼Cr-1Mo because its nominal alloy system contains approximately:

2.25% Chromium + 1% Molybdenum

These alloying elements provide characteristics required for elevated-temperature boiler service.

Chromium

Chromium contributes to:

High-temperature oxidation resistance

Elevated-temperature material stability

Improved scaling resistance compared with carbon steel

Improved response in high-temperature service

Molybdenum

Molybdenum contributes to:

Elevated-temperature strength

Creep resistance

Resistance to strength loss during prolonged thermal exposure

Improved performance under combined temperature and pressure loading

This makes T22 more appropriate than conventional carbon-steel boiler tubing for many higher-temperature zones.

However, the material grade itself does not define the maximum safe service temperature or pressure.

Actual design limits must be determined according to:

Applicable ASME or project design code

Design temperature

Design pressure

Tube wall thickness

Allowable stress

Corrosion allowance

Creep life

Operating environment

Equipment design life

ASTM identifies T22 as UNS K21590.

The specified chemical-composition limits include:

Element	ASTM A213 T22
Carbon, C	0.05–0.15%
Manganese, Mn	0.30–0.60%
Phosphorus, P	≤0.025%
Sulfur, S	≤0.025%
Silicon, Si	≤0.50%
Chromium, Cr	1.90–2.60%
Molybdenum, Mo	0.87–1.13%

The higher chromium and molybdenum levels are the main material distinction between T22 and lower-alloy grades such as T11.

Commonly published ASTM A213 T22 room-temperature requirements include:

Property	Requirement
Tensile Strength	≥415 MPa
Yield Strength	≥205 MPa
Elongation	≥30%
Hardness	Typically ≤163 HBW, subject to applicable edition

Published ASTM-based T22 specification data report minimum tensile strength of approximately 415 MPa, minimum yield strength of 205 MPa and minimum elongation of 30%.

Procurement Note

The exact mechanical requirements should always be verified against the ASTM A213/A213M edition stated in the purchase order.

This is especially important for EPC projects where the material specification may reference a particular project edition rather than simply "latest ASTM."

 

 

Heat treatment is one of the most important technical sections of a T22 boiler tube purchase specification.

Typical permitted T22 heat-treatment routes include:

Full or Isothermal Annealing

Used to develop the required microstructure and mechanical properties.

Normalizing and Tempering

T22 can also be supplied normalized and tempered.

Published ASTM-based heat-treatment tables identify 675°C / 1250°F as the minimum tempering temperature for normalized-and-tempered T22.

ASTM A213 requires the heat treatment of ferritic alloy tubes to be performed separately from the heating used for hot forming.

 

Incorrect or uncontrolled heat treatment may affect:

Microstructure

Hardness

Tensile properties

Creep behavior

Weldability

Long-term high-temperature performance

For critical boiler projects, the heat-treatment condition should therefore be included in the MTC or project quality documentation when required.

ASTM A213 T22 is a seamless tube product.

A typical manufacturing route can include:

Billet Verification → Heating → Piercing → Elongation / Rolling → Sizing → Cold Drawing if Required → Heat Treatment → Straightening → Cutting → Dimensional Inspection → Mechanical Testing → NDT / Hydrostatic Testing → Marking → Documentation → Export Packing

Hot finishing is commonly used where:

Standard boiler tolerances are acceptable

Larger production sizes are required

Cost-efficient production is important

Cold finishing may be selected where the customer requires:

Tighter dimensional control

Improved OD/ID accuracy

Better surface condition

More controlled wall thickness

Specific heat-exchanger fabrication requirements

The manufacturing route should therefore be selected according to the actual equipment drawing and procurement specification.

ASTM describes tubing commonly furnished under A213 as approximately:

Inside Diameter: from 3.2 mm / 1⁄8 in.

Outside Diameter: up to 127 mm / 5 in.

Wall Thickness: approximately 0.4–12.7 mm / 0.015–0.500 in.

Other diameters may also be supplied provided the tubing satisfies the other requirements of the specification.

For commercial enquiries, dimensions should preferably be written:

OD × WT × Length

Example:

63.5 × 6.35 × 12,000 mm

The RFQ should also indicate whether dimensions are based on:

Minimum wall thickness

Average wall thickness

Fixed length

Random length

Custom cut length

This is an important purchasing detail for ASTM A213 boiler tubes.

ASTM A213 covers tubing supplied on a minimum-wall-thickness basis and also permits average-wall-thickness ordering when specified.

These are not interchangeable purchasing concepts.

Minimum Wall

The specified thickness represents the minimum acceptable tube wall subject to the applicable tolerance requirements.

Average Wall

The order is controlled according to the specified average-wall basis.

For pressure equipment, the buyer should clearly state:

Minimum Wall

or

Average Wall

in the RFQ and purchase order.

This reduces one of the most common sources of quotation and dimensional mismatch in boiler-tube procurement.

 

ASTM A213 establishes mandatory testing requirements for finished tubing.

The current ASTM specification identifies tests including:

Tension testing

Hardness testing

Flattening testing

Flaring testing

ASTM also states that each tube must be subjected to either a nondestructive electric test or a hydrostatic test.

Depending on project requirements, the inspection plan may include:

Inspection	Purpose
Chemical Analysis	Verify T22 chemistry
Tensile Test	Confirm mechanical properties
Hardness Test	Check heat-treatment result
Flattening Test	Assess tube integrity
Flaring Test	Evaluate forming capability
Hydrostatic Test	Verify pressure integrity
Eddy Current Test	Detect applicable discontinuities
Ultrasonic Testing	Supplementary volumetric examination
Dimensional Inspection	OD, WT, length and tolerance
Surface Inspection	Detect visible defects
PMI	Confirm alloy identity
Third-Party Inspection	Project verification where specified

High-temperature boiler tubing should be purchased with appropriate material traceability.

Typical traceability information may include:

ASTM standard

Material grade

Heat number

Tube dimensions

Chemical-analysis results

Mechanical properties

Heat-treatment information

Testing results

NDT record where specified

Production lot identification

Purchase-order number

For project orders, EN 10204 3.1 documentation or third-party inspection documentation may be specified where commercially and contractually applicable.

1. Boiler Tubes

T22 is widely used in industrial and utility boiler systems where higher-temperature capability is needed compared with conventional carbon steel.

2. Superheater Tubes

Superheater systems expose tubes to elevated metal and steam temperatures.

The 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy system makes T22 an established option for suitable superheater zones.

3. Reheater Tubes

T22 may be specified for reheater sections depending on design temperature, pressure and applicable engineering code.

4. Heat Exchanger Tubes

ASTM A213 specifically covers heat-exchanger tubing.

T22 may be selected where heat-transfer equipment also requires elevated-temperature strength.

5. HRSG Tubes

T22 is used in suitable zones of Heat Recovery Steam Generators associated with combined-cycle power plants.

Industrial tube suppliers list ASTM/ASME A/SA213 T22 among materials used for HRSG applications where elevated temperature and pressure resistance are required.

6. Petrochemical & Refinery Equipment

Applications may include:

Process heaters

Heat-recovery equipment

High-temperature heat exchangers

Steam-generation systems

Refinery pressure equipment

Material suitability must still be verified against the process environment because T22 is not a corrosion-resistant alloy for every refinery or chemical medium.

T11 and T22 are both Cr-Mo boiler tube materials, but their alloy levels differ substantially.

Item	ASTM A213 T11	ASTM A213 T22
UNS	K11597	K21590
Cr	1.00–1.50%	1.90–2.60%
Mo	0.44–0.65%	0.87–1.13%
Alloy Family	Approx. 1Cr-0.5Mo	Approx. 2.25Cr-1Mo
High-Temperature Capability	Cr-Mo Service	Higher-alloy Cr-Mo Service
Typical Applications	Boilers / HX / Superheaters	Boilers / Superheaters / Reheaters / HX

Is T22 Better Than T11?

Not automatically.

T22 offers higher Cr and Mo content, but correct material selection depends on:

Design temperature

Pressure

Allowable stress

Oxidation requirements

Welding procedure

Component geometry

Design life

Construction code

The higher-alloy grade should not simply be substituted without engineering approval.

 

This is one of the most important distinctions for procurement.

T22 and P22 belong to a similar 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy family, and both use UNS K21590 in related ASTM product specifications.

However:

T22 is not simply another name for P22.

Item	ASTM A213 T22	ASTM A335 P22
Product Form	Tube	Pipe
Standard	ASTM A213	ASTM A335
Main Service	Boiler / Superheater / Heat Exchanger	High-Temperature Piping
Manufacturing	Seamless	Seamless
Alloy Family	2.25Cr-1Mo	2.25Cr-1Mo
UNS	K21590	K21590
Dimensional Rules	Tube specification	Pipe specification
Inspection Requirements	ASTM A213	ASTM A335
Automatic Substitution	No	No

Even when chemistry is similar, the governing standard controls:

Product dimensions

Tolerances

Testing

Heat treatment

Certification

Manufacturing

Acceptance criteria

Therefore, an ASTM A213 T22 purchase order should not automatically be supplied as ASTM A335 P22 without engineering and contractual approval.

European projects frequently compare ASTM A213 T22 with EN 10216-2 10CrMo9-10 / 1.7380 because both belong to the 2.25Cr-1Mo material family.

However, they are governed by different material and product standards.

They should therefore be described as comparable Cr-Mo materials, not automatically as exact equivalents.

Before substitution, compare:

Chemical composition

Mechanical properties

Heat treatment

Product standard

Design-code allowable stresses

Testing requirements

Inspection certification

Application approval

Final substitution should be approved by the responsible engineer.

 

T22 requires more controlled welding practice than ordinary carbon steel because of its Cr-Mo alloy content.

A welding procedure should consider:

Base-metal condition

Wall thickness

Joint restraint

Welding process

Filler metal

Preheat

Interpass temperature

Heat input

Hydrogen control

Cooling rate

PWHT

Construction code

A product page should not state one universal preheat or PWHT temperature for every T22 tube.

Actual requirements vary according to:

Tube thickness

Welding procedure

Component type

Filler material

Service

ASME construction code

Project engineering specification

Fabrication should therefore follow an approved WPS/PQR and applicable construction code.

ASTM A213 T22 is a strong candidate when the application requires:

Seamless boiler tubing + elevated temperature + pressure service + Cr-Mo alloy performance.

However, another material may be more appropriate where the project requires:

Much higher steam temperatures

Higher creep strength

Greater oxidation resistance

Severe corrosion resistance

Stainless-steel performance

Special hydrogen service

Ultra-supercritical boiler conditions

Depending on the engineering conditions, grades such as T11, T23, T91 or T92 may also require evaluation.

Material selection should therefore be based on service conditions rather than simply selecting the highest alloy content.

For faster quotation and technical review, send:

1. Standard
ASTM A213/A213M or ASME SA213

2. Grade
T22

3. Dimensions
OD × WT

4. Wall Basis
Minimum Wall / Average Wall

5. Length
Random / Fixed / Custom

6. Quantity
Pieces / Metres / Tonnes

7. Manufacturing Requirement
Hot-Finished / Cold-Finished if specified

8. Heat Treatment
Project requirement if applicable

9. Testing
Standard testing + supplementary NDT if required

10. Documentation
Required inspection certificate / MTC

11. Third-Party Inspection
Specify agency if required

12. Destination
Country / Port / Project site

Example RFQ

ASTM A213 T22 / 63.5 × 6.35 × 12,000 mm / Minimum Wall / 850 pcs / NDT Required / MTC / CIF Houston

A complete RFQ significantly reduces technical clarification time and quotation errors.

Xi'an Dongmeng Group Co., Ltd. supports international procurement of alloy steel tubes for boilers, heat exchangers, power-generation equipment and industrial pressure systems.

Our supply approach focuses on the complete purchase specification rather than simply quoting "T22 tube."

Project requirements can include:

ASTM / ASME standard confirmation

Grade verification

OD × WT dimensional control

Minimum / average wall requirement

Heat-treatment requirements

Mechanical testing

NDT

Material traceability

Inspection documentation

Fixed-length cutting

Tube-end requirements

Third-party inspection

Export seaworthy packing

For EPC contractors, boiler manufacturers, heat-exchanger fabricators and power-generation projects, customers can send the BOM, tube schedule, drawing or Material Requisition for technical review.

1. What is ASTM A213 T22?

ASTM A213 T22 is a seamless ferritic chromium-molybdenum alloy steel tube primarily used for boiler, superheater and heat-exchanger applications.

2. What is the UNS number of T22?

The UNS designation is K21590.

3. What alloy is T22?

T22 is commonly described as a 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy steel, containing 1.90–2.60% Cr and 0.87–1.13% Mo.

4. Is ASTM A213 T22 seamless?

Yes. ASTM A213 covers seamless boiler, superheater and heat-exchanger tubes.

5. Is T22 the same as P22?

No. T22 is a tube grade under ASTM A213, while P22 is a pipe grade under ASTM A335. Although they belong to a similar Cr-Mo alloy family, the product specifications and procurement requirements differ.

6. Is T22 stronger than T11 at elevated temperatures?

T22 has approximately twice the chromium and molybdenum content of T11 and is commonly selected for more demanding elevated-temperature Cr-Mo service. Final selection should still be based on design-code requirements rather than alloy percentage alone.

7. What heat treatment is used for T22?

Permitted routes include full/isothermal annealing or normalizing and tempering. Published ASTM-based requirements identify a minimum tempering temperature of approximately 675°C / 1250°F for the normalized-and-tempered route.

8. Can T22 be used in superheaters?

Yes. ASTM A213 specifically covers superheater tubes, and T22 is among the established Cr-Mo grades used in conventional boiler applications.

9. Can T22 be supplied cold drawn?

ASTM A213 permits tubing to be hot finished or cold finished as specified.

10. Does every T22 tube require pressure/NDT testing?

ASTM states that each tube is subjected to either a nondestructive electric test or a hydrostatic test under the specification requirements.

11. Can EN 10204 3.1 documentation be supplied?

Where required by the purchase contract, EN 10204 3.1 documentation can be specified as part of the enquiry and confirmed with the final supply route.

12. What information should I send for a quotation?

Send:

ASTM/ASME Standard + T22 + OD × WT × Length + Minimum/Average Wall + Quantity + Testing + Documentation + Destination

Looking for ASTM A213 T22 Seamless Boiler Tubes for a boiler, superheater, reheater, HRSG or heat-exchanger project?

Send your:

Tube Schedule / BOM / OD × WT × Length / Quantity / Inspection Requirements / Destination

Xi'an Dongmeng Group Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 157 6921 4734
Email: office@dongmjd.com
WhatsApp: Dong, +86 157 6921 4734
Office: Room 4107, Runfeng Building, Sanqiao New Street, Weiyang District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province

Our team can review the technical purchase requirements before quotation to help reduce mismatches involving grade, dimensions, wall basis, heat treatment, inspection and documentation.

 

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